P: Metropolitan Opera | The Canadian Encyclopedia

array( '1.head' => 'Metropolitan Opera | The Canadian Encyclopedia', '2.body' => array( '1.div' => 'Search The Canadian Encyclopedia', '2.div' => array( '1.div' => array( '1.h2' => 'Login', '2.form' => array( '1.div' => 'Remember me', '2.p' => 'or', ), ), '2.div' => array( '1.h3' => 'Why sign up?', '2.p' => 'Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map.', ), ), '3.div' => array( '1.div' => array( '1.div' => 'Article Index', '2.div' => 'Resources', ), '2.div' => array( '1.main' => array( '1.div' => array( '1.div' => 'Feedback', '2.div' => array( '1.div' => 'Your name *', '2.div' => 'Your email *', '3.div' => 'Your Message*', ), ), '2.div' => array( '1.div' => 'Citation', '2.div' => array( '1.li' => array( '1.li' => 'MLA 8TH EDITION', '2.li' => array( 1 => 'Kallmann, Helmut et al. "Metropolitan Opera".', '2.em' => 'The Canadian Encyclopedia', 3 => ', 15 December 2013,', '4.em' => 'Historica Canada', 5 => '. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/metropolitan-opera-emc. Accessed 21 January 2019.', ), ), '2.li' => array( '1.li' => 'APA 6TH EDITION', '2.li' => array( 1 => 'Kallmann, H.,, & Haskell, R.,, & Winters, K.,, & Potvin, G., Metropolitan Opera (2013). In', '2.em' => 'The Canadian Encyclopedia', 3 => '. Retrieved from https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/metropolitan-opera-emc', ), ), '3.li' => array( '1.li' => 'CHICAGO 17TH EDITION', '2.li' => array( 1 => 'Kallmann, Helmut, and Richard Haskell, and Kenneth Winters, and Gilles Potvin, "Metropolitan Opera". In', '2.em' => 'The Canadian Encyclopedia', 3 => '. Historica Canada. Article published January 03, 2010; last modified December 15, 2013. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/metropolitan-opera-emc', ), ), '4.li' => array( '1.li' => 'TURABIAN 8TH EDITION', '2.li' => array( 1 => 'Helmut Kallmann and Richard Haskell and Kenneth Winters and Gilles Potvin,', '2.em' => 'The Canadian Encyclopedia', 3 => ', s.v. "Metropolitan Opera", last modified December 15, 2013, https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/metropolitan-opera-emc', ), ), ), ), '3.div' => 'Share', '4.h1' => 'Metropolitan Opera', '5.div' => array( '1.div' => array( '1.td' => 'Article by', '2.td' => array( 1 => ',', 2 => ',', 3 => ',', ), ), '2.div' => array( '1.tr' => array( '1.td' => 'Date Published', '2.td' => 'January 3, 2010', ), '2.tr' => array( '1.td' => 'Last Edited', '2.td' => 'December 15, 2013', ), ), ), '6.div' => array( 1 => 'Metropolitan Opera. This illustrious and venerable (founded 1883) New York company has influenced the development of opera in Canada through its tours, broadcasts, and talent-development programs.', '2.h3' => 'Metropolitan Opera', '3.p' => 'Metropolitan Opera. This illustrious and venerable (founded 1883) New York company has influenced the development of opera in Canada through its tours, broadcasts, and talent-development programs.', '4.p' => array( 1 => 'After an appearance in Toronto (26 Jan 1892 at the Pavilion, in excerpts from Rossini\'s', '2.i' => 'Semiramide', 3 => ') by Adelina Patti supported by Metropolitan Opera soloists and orchestra (about 20 instrumentalists) under Luigi Arditi, and after four concerts in Montreal (1896 at Windsor Hall) by the Metropolitan orchestra under Anton Seidl, the Metropolitan as a company gave its first season in Canada in 1899 performing', '4.i' => 'La Traviata, Carmen, Faust, Romeo and Juliet', 5 => ', and', '6.i' => 'The Barber of Seville', 7 => 'at the Toronto Grand Opera House and Montreal\'s', 8 => '. The cast included Marcella Sembrich, Giuseppe Campanari, Emma Calvé, Pol Plançon, and Édouard de Reszke. The Met returned to Toronto and Montreal in 1901 with', '9.i' => 'Lohengrin, Romeo and Juliet, Faust, Manon, Carmen', 10 => ', and', '11.i' => 'Tannhäuser', 12 => '. Singers included Sybil Sanderson, Emma Eames, and Marcel Journet.', ), '5.p' => array( 1 => 'Four operas were offered in Montreal in 1911:', '2.i' => 'Aida', 3 => 'with Louise Homer, Emmy Destinn, and Antonio Scotti under Arturo Toscanini;', '4.i' => 'Madama Butterfly', 5 => 'with Geraldine Farrar;', '6.i' => 'Tannhäuser', 7 => 'with Olive Fremstad, Alma Gluck, and Leo Slezak; and', '8.i' => 'Faust', 9 => 'with', 10 => 'as Siebel.', ), '6.p' => array( '1.b' => '1940s', 2 => 'In September 1941, the Montreal-based France-Film, leading French film distributor in Canada and owner of the', 3 => ', joined forces with the', 4 => 'to present at that theatre "Metropolitan Opera au Saint-Denis," seven performances using singers from the company and a number of Canadians for supporting roles, a chorus of 40, and 16 dancers all from the New York house, with', 5 => 'and Jean Morel as conductors, Désiré Defrère as stage director, and Fausto Cleva as chorus master. The Met technical staff and scenery were used but the orchestra was that of the Montreal Festivals. Leading Met singers included Bampton, Martinelli, Warren, and Jennie Tourel. These were Tourel\'s first performances in Montreal; she sang the title roles in', '6.i' => 'Mignon', 7 => 'and', '8.i' => 'Carmen', 9 => '. Canadians who appeared with the troupe were Rose Comète-Morin,', 10 => ',', 11 => ', Dolorès Drolet, Marcelle Monette, and David Rochette.', ), '7.p' => array( 1 => 'A season in September 1942 offered 10 operas including Charpentier\'s', '2.i' => 'Louise', 3 => 'and Massenet\'s', '4.i' => 'Thaïs', 5 => ', but was under France-Film\'s sole sponsorship, with Pelletier as artistic director. Met singers included Moore, Steber, Sayão, Jepson, Martini, Peerce, Tibbett, Thomas, and Pinza. Canadians were included again in 1943 in', '6.i' => 'Boris Godunov', 7 => ': Desjardins (The Innkeeper),', 8 => '(Marina), and', 9 => '(Lovitzky). In 1944', '10.i' => 'Pelléas et Mélisande', 11 => 'was one of seven operas offered. In 1945 Desjardins appeared in', '12.i' => 'Manon, Faust', 13 => ', and', '14.i' => 'Lakmé', 15 => '.', 16 => 'was a guest conductor in 1943 and 1944.', ), '8.p' => array( 1 => 'In 1945 performances of', '2.i' => 'Lakmé, Manon, Carmen, Faust, La Traviata', 3 => ', and', '4.i' => 'La Bohème', 5 => 'were given in Toronto\'s', 6 => 'and in Quebec City\'s Capitol Theatre as well as in Montreal under France-Film auspices. Although these performances used the Metropolitan\'s singers, chorus, and ballet, they were not officially Metropolitan Opera performances. In the same category was a production of Gounod\'s', '7.i' => 'Roméo et Juliette', 8 => 'that Pelletier conducted in Montreal, Quebec City, Ottawa, Toronto, and Windsor in May 1943. Jeanette MacDonald (who never sang at the Met) and Armand Tokatyan sang the title roles, Pinza was Frère Laurent, and there were other Met singers in the cast along with three Canadians:', 9 => '(Mercutio), Jeanne Desjardins (Gertrude), and Gérard Gélinas (Gregorio). The orchestra, chorus, and ballet were borrowed from the New York house.', ), '9.p' => 'The Met as such did not perform again in Canada until 1952.', '10.p' => array( '1.b' => '1950s-60s', 2 => 'The Met\'s 1952 performances in Canada were given at Toronto\'s', 3 => '(where a production of', '4.i' => 'Carmen', 5 => 'with Risë Stevens established an attendance record - 11,352 - for opera indoors) and at the Montreal', 6 => '. Performances continued at the Gardens (annually until 1960) and at the Forum (1952, 1953, 1955, 1957, and 1958), and six operas were presented in Toronto at', 7 => 'in 1961. The Toronto visits (1952-61) were sponsored by the Rotary Club.', ), '11.p' => array( '1.b' => '1960s - 80s', 2 => 'Prohibitive costs prevented appearances on tour by the full company in the years following. The Met nevertheless returned to Canada in 1984 for Toronto\'s International Festival with', '3.i' => 'Peter Grimes', 4 => '(with', 5 => '),', '6.i' => 'Francesca da Rimini, Ernani, Die Walküre, The Abduction from the Seraglio, Rinaldo', 7 => 'and', '8.i' => 'Tosca', 9 => '. Meanwhile, the Metropolitan Opera National Company, a youthful troupe under the artistic direction of Risë Stevens, performed in Montreal, in Toronto and in Vancouver in 1965-6 (', '10.i' => 'Cinderella, Madama Butterfly, Carmen', 11 => ', and Carlisle Floyd\'s', '12.i' => 'Susannah', 13 => ') and in 1966-7 (', '14.i' => 'La Bohème, La Traviata, The Marriage of Figaro', 15 => ', and', '16.i' => 'The Rape of Lucretia', 17 => '). Canadians in the company included', 18 => ', who made her debut with the main company in 1967;', 19 => ', who made her debut with the main company in 1973; and Peter van Ginkel. This initiative was abandoned, however, due to ever-increasing costs.', ), '12.h3' => 'Broadcasting', '13.p' => 'Metropolitan Opera radio broadcasts originated in 1931, and were sponsored after 1940 by Texaco on a US network (in turn NBC, ABC, CBS, and a private syndication - the Texaco-Metropolitan Opera radio network). These broadcasts were heard in Canada for several years over the CRBC and thereafter on the CBC, giving Canadians (who otherwise would have heard little opera during those years) a regular experience of first-class opera performance. These performances have continued to be heard regularly on CBC Radio 2 well into the 2000s.', '14.p' => array( 1 => 'In addition to Met broadcasts heard on CBC Radio are those featured on Sirius Satellite Radio.', '2.i' => 'Metropolitan Opera Radio', 3 => 'operates 7 days a week, 24 hours a day. It debuted 25 Sep 2006 with Puccini\'s', '4.i' => 'Madama Butterfly', 5 => '. Canadian listeners are able to hear this channel as well as weekly performances streamed via the Met\'s website.', ), '15.p' => array( 1 => 'Another highly successful means of disseminating opera outside the actual hall is the presentation of live performances ("simulcasts") in specially equipped movie theatres throughout the world, in the series titled', '2.i' => 'Live in High Definition', 3 => '. The first such presentation was held in December 2006, with a performance of Mozart\'s', '4.i' => 'The Magic Flute', 5 => '. By 2007 the Met was expanding its high-level simulcasts. In Canada, the Cineplex chain added 40 new screens for a total of 100. These presentations have proven enormously popular, with numerous theatres selling out regularly.', ), '16.h3' => 'Met Auditions', '17.p' => array( 1 => 'To discover and encourage new talent, in 1935 the Met (under the initiative of Wilfrid Pelletier) began the radio program "Auditions of the Air" which continued annually (except for the seasons 1945-6 and 1946-7) under Pelletier\'s baton until 1958. By 1958 the Metropolitan Opera National Council Regional Auditions, begun in 1954, had taken over the function of the radio auditions.', 2 => 'won the "Auditions of the Air" in 1945,', 3 => 'in 1949, and', 4 => 'in 1955. The regional auditions, preceded by district competitions, were organized in 16 areas of the USA, and several accommodated Canadian participation.', ), '18.p' => array( 1 => ',', 2 => ', and', 3 => 'were among the judges for several years.', 4 => 'has also adjudicated for the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions on a number of occasions.', 5 => 'was an organizer of the western region auditions. Among Canadian finalists in the auditions have been', 6 => '(1957),', 7 => '(1958),', 8 => '(1959),', 9 => '(1959),', 10 => '(1961),', 11 => '(1964), Huguette Tourangeau (1964),', 12 => '(1965),', 13 => '(1968),', 14 => '(1970), Ingrid Suderman (1971),', 15 => '(1972), Jill Pert (1973), Lynn Blaser (1973),', 16 => '(1974),', 17 => '(1977),', 18 => '(1988), Isabel Bayrakdarian (1997), David Dong Qyu Lee (1999), Mariateresa Magisano (2001), Philippe Castagner (2002), Joseph Kaiser and Michèle Losier (2005), Nikki Einfeld (2006), Joyce El-Khoury (2007), and Simone Osborne (2008).', ), '19.h3' => 'Canadian Conductors and Others at the Met', '20.p' => array( 1 => 'Canada has contributed more than singers to the Metropolitan Opera. Wilfrid Pelletier began his association with the Met in 1917 as rehearsal pianist and coach. He conducted his first opera there (Deems Taylor\'s', '2.i' => 'The King\'s Henchman', 3 => ') 14 Apr 1928 and was appointed conductor in 1929, a position he held until 1950.', 4 => 'was in turn a leading tenor (1922-35) and general manager (1935-50).', 5 => 'was a member of the auditioning committee in the 1930s, and', 6 => 'was a member of the conducting staff 1946-52.', ), '21.p' => array( 1 => 'Vancouver native', 2 => 'began a term as assistant conductor there in 1988, and Jacques Lacombe made his conducting debut in 2004 in Massenet\'s', '3.i' => 'Werther', 4 => '. Toronto-born', 5 => 'has designed sets and costumes on a number of occasions, including the sets for two operas from the', '6.i' => 'Metropolitan Opera: Live in HD', 7 => 'series:', '8.i' => 'Eugene Onegin', 9 => '(2007) and', '10.i' => 'Madama Butterfly', 11 => '(2009).', 12 => 'directed Berlioz\'s', '13.i' => 'La damnation de Faust', 14 => 'at the Met in 2008.', ), '22.h3' => 'Special Events in the 1980s', '23.p' => array( 1 => 'On 4 Apr 1981 a major New York social event, "Ball at the Opera House," paid tribute to "Canadian contributions to classical music and opera." On 29 Jan 1984 Canada officially saluted the Metropolitan on its centenary with a gift consisting of a production of Handel\'s', '2.i' => 'Rinaldo', 3 => 'with an all-star cast conducted by', 4 => 'and featuring Marilyn Horne, Benita Valente and Samuel Ramey.', ), '24.h3' => 'Canadians at the Met', '25.p' => array( '1.b' => 'Canadians who have performed at the Met are listed below (with the years of their first performances there)', 2 => '1891', ), '26.p' => '1901 Albert Quesnel', '27.p' => '1915', '28.p' => '1916', '29.p' => '1917', '30.p' => '1919', '31.p' => array( 1 => '1922', 2 => ', Edward Johnson', ), '32.p' => '1928 Wilfrid Pelletier', '33.p' => '1929 Edward Ransome', '34.p' => array( 1 => '1936', 2 => ',', 3 => ', Joseph Royer', ), '35.p' => array( 1 => '1940', 2 => ', Jean Dickenson', ), '36.p' => '1941 Mona Paulee', '37.p' => '1942', '38.p' => '1945', '39.p' => '1946', '40.p' => '1949', '41.p' => '1951', '42.p' => '1956 Emilia Cundari', '43.p' => '1959', '44.p' => '1960', '45.p' => '1961 Gladys Kriese-Caporale,', '46.p' => '1962', '47.p' => array( 1 => '1963', 2 => ',', ), '48.p' => array( 1 => '1967', 2 => ', Clarice Carson,', ), '49.p' => '1969 Judith Forst', '50.p' => '1972 Louis Quilico', '51.p' => array( 1 => '1973', 2 => ',', ), '52.p' => '1975', '53.p' => array( 1 => '1976', 2 => ',', ), '54.p' => array( 1 => '1978', 2 => ',', ), '55.p' => '1979', '56.p' => '1983', '57.p' => array( 1 => '1984', 2 => ',', ), '58.p' => array( 1 => '1987', 2 => ',', ), '59.p' => array( 1 => '1991', 2 => ',', ), '60.p' => '1993', '61.p' => '1995', '62.p' => '1998', '63.p' => '1999', '64.p' => '2000 John Relyea', '65.p' => '2002 Isabel Bayrakdarian', '66.p' => '2004', '67.p' => '2007 Joseph Kaiser, Michèle Losier, Katherine Whyte', '68.p' => array( 1 => 'Foreign-born artists who have lived or taught in Canada and have appeared at the Met include', 2 => '(Met debut 1909),', 3 => '(1914),', 4 => '(1917), Irene Jessner (1936), Gina Cigna (1937),', 5 => '(1937), Martial Singher (1943), Richard Manning (1944) and Margaret Kalil (1966).', ), '69.h3' => 'Bibliography', '70.p' => array( 1 => 'Sandwell, Bernard K.', '2.i' => 'The Musical Red Book of Montreal', 3 => '(Montreal 1907)', ), '71.p' => array( '1.i' => 'Metropolitan Opera Annals', 2 => 'compiled by William H. Seltsam (New York 1947; supplement 1957; supplement 1968)', ), '72.p' => array( 1 => 'Pelletier, Wilfrid.', '2.i' => 'Une Symphonie inachevée', 3 => '(Montreal 1972)', ), '73.p' => array( 1 => 'Mercer, Ruby. "Long live the Met,"', '2.i' => 'Opera Canada', 3 => ', vol 13, Summer 1972', ), '74.p' => array( 1 => 'Rubin, Stephen E. "Radio opera,"', '2.i' => 'Stereo Review', 3 => ', Jan 1973', ), '75.p' => array( 1 => 'Mercer, Ruby. "The Canadian Opera Company: a 150 year history,"', '2.i' => 'Opera Canada', 3 => ', vol 14, Fall 1973', ), '76.p' => array( 1 => '"Metropolitan Opera in Toronto,"', '2.i' => 'Canadian Opera Company 1950-1977', 3 => '(Toronto 1977)', ), '77.p' => array( 1 => 'Eaton, Quaintance.', '2.i' => 'Opera Caravan: Adventures of the Metropolitan Opera on Tour 1883-1956', 3 => '(New York 1978)', ), '78.p' => array( 1 => 'Feller, F. P.', '2.i' => 'The Metropolitan Opera on Record', 3 => '(Westport, Conn. 1984)', ), '79.p' => array( 1 => 'Baillie, Joan Parkhill.', '2.i' => 'Look at the Record: An Album of Toronto\'s Lyric Theatres 1825-1984', 3 => '(Oakville 1985)', ), '80.p' => array( 1 => 'Poole, Jane L. ed.', '2.i' => 'Mozart Metropolitan Opera', 3 => '(New York 1991)', ), '81.p' => array( 1 => 'Weinman, Jaime. "Opera: Coming to a theatre near you,"', '2.i' => 'Maclean\'s', 3 => ', 10 Sep 2007', ), '82.p' => array( 1 => 'La Rochelle, Réal.', '2.i' => 'L\'Opéra du samedi: Le Metropolitan à la radio du Québec', 3 => '(Quebec 2008)', ), '83.p' => array( 1 => '"Music for the masses; opera companies,"', '2.i' => 'The Economist', 3 => ', 5 Jul 2008', ), ), ), '2.div' => array( '1.div' => 'External Links', '2.div' => 'Recommended', ), ), ), '4.footer' => array( '1.div' => array( '1.div' => 'Updates? Omissions? 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